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临床工作中，在膝关节创伤时，经常会遇到半月板损伤。在现今，人们对半月板的生物力学功能进行许多研究[3～9]，越来越认识到半月板的生物力学功能重要性，认为不宜简单地将拐伤半月板切除，而应修复它们，但半月板无血液供应区的损伤修复后不能愈合，这是骨科界的难题之一、为此人们亦进行了许多研究[10～16]。
一、半月板的大体形态、血液供应、显微镜下形态、生化等
半月板是介于股骨髁和胫骨平台之间的半月状软骨，其外侧缘较厚，内侧缘较薄，内侧半月板呈“c”形，外侧半月板近似呈“o”形。内侧半月板前角胫骨韧带止点附着于前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点之前，后角胫骨韧带止点附着于外侧半月板后角胫骨韧带止点之后和后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点之前。内侧缘与内侧副韧带相连，后份与半膜肌相连。外侧半月板前角胫骨韧带止点附着于ACL之后，其后角胫骨韧带止点附着于内侧半月板后角胫骨韧带止点之前，侧方不与外侧副韧带相连，并在侧后方有腘肌腱相隔，后方与腘肌相连。
半月板体部的外侧约10～30％由膝内外侧动脉供应血液，形成半月板周围动脉丛，内侧其余部分无血液供应。但其前角与后角血液供应较体部丰富，可达40～50％[1]。
半月板表层细胞细小扁平、平行排列，深层细胞大而圆、位于软骨陷窝内。半月板的胶原纤维主要为Ⅰ型，其主要呈环状平行排列，与半月板长轴平行，少量为放射状，连系环行纤维，使其不发生分离，这亦是半月板纵裂较多的主要原因。半月板有少量Ⅱ型胶原，主要位于内侧1／3[2]。硫酸皮肤素在外侧1／3较多。
二、半月板自身的生物力学……
参考文献：
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