摘要：AbstractIt is worthwhile to consider the basis for success in achieving diversity in MD programs and the failure to do so in PhD programs and to ask what can be done to remedy the situation。 One r...

摘要：What we don‘t yet know are the long-term threats to public health that the tsunami will leave in its wake。 The impact of this devastation is tangible and evident, but the long-term threats to pub...

摘要：After months of deliberation, NIH director Elias A。 Zerhouni formally announced on February 1, 2005, that federal scientists would be prohibited from consulting for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, ...

摘要：Canadian officials in mid-January publicized another case of mad cow disease, formally known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)。 This report came on the heels of an announcement by the Bush...

摘要：Better knowledge of the genetics of obesity combined with adherence to healthier dietary rules can equip Americans with what is needed to fight this trend。 Lipin, a lipodystrophy and obesity gene。

摘要：In Sick to death and not going to take it anymore。For an older person, there is usually no clear demarcation between a period of living with serious health problems, with which she or he may strug...

摘要：edIn the early 1990s, the American public was alerted to the reemergence of a once feared but largely forgotten scourge – tuberculosis (TB)。 Decades of declining TB rates had shifted the focus of...

摘要：AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of various degrees that is first detected during pregnancy。 GDM appears to result from the same broad spectrum of phys...

摘要：AbstractThe prognosis of heart failure is worse than that of most cancers, but new therapeutic interventions using stem and other cell-based therapies are succeeding in the fight against it, and ol...

摘要：Oxygen is a major determinant of myocardial gene expression, and as myocardial O2 levels decrease, either during isolated hypoxia or ischemia-associated hypoxia, gene expression patterns in the hea...

摘要：AbstractThere is growing evidence that the altered production and/or spatiotemporal distribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species creates oxidative and/or nitrosative stresses in the failing...

摘要：AbstractFactors that render patients with cardiovascular disease at high risk for heart failure remain incompletely defined。 Recent insights into molecular genetic causes of myocardial diseases ha...

摘要：In this review, we describe strategies for normalizing gene expression in the failing heart with small molecules that control signal transduction pathways directed at transcription factors and asso...

摘要：AbstractThe mitochondrion serves a critical role as a platform for energy transduction, signaling, and cell death pathways relevant to common diseases of the myocardium such as heart failure。 This...

摘要：AbstractStructural and functional alterations in the Ca2+ regulatory proteins present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum have recently been shown to be strongly involved in the pathogenesis of heart fai...

摘要：AbstractRecently, low — but abnormal — rates of cardiomyocyte apoptosis have been observed in failing human hearts。 Genetic and pharmacological studies suggest that this cell death is causally l...

摘要：Here we review recent developments in the area of these cardiotrophic kinases, highlighting the utility of animal models that are helping to identify molecular targets in the human condition。Intro...

摘要：AbstractIn humans, the biological limitations to cardiac regenerative growth create both a clinical imperative — to offset cell death in acute ischemic injury and chronic heart failure — and a cl...

摘要：AbstractThe causative genes for essential tremor (ET), one of the most common genetic neurological disorders, have eluded scientists despite intensive search。See the related article beginning on p...

摘要：AbstractRecently, type I interferons IFN- and IFN-。) have been evaluated in pilot clinical trials for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis。 A new study in this issue demonstrates a protecti...

摘要：Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA。 report that in humans with a kallikrein gene polymorphism that lowers kallikrein activity, the brachial ar...

摘要：A new study reported in this issue of the JCI shows that treatment of cells latently infected with Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) with glycyrrhizic acid, a component of licorice, red...

摘要：AbstractThe DEAD-box RNA helicases are enzymes involved in many critical aspects of RNA metabolism within both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms。 A new study in this issue of the JCI identifies...

摘要：AbstractRecent evidence has demonstrated that endothelial-specific growth factors affect the development of apparently unrelated organs and cells。 Expanding this evidence further, new findings in ...

摘要：AbstractMMPs are implicated in LV remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (MI)。 To analyze the role of MMP-2, we generated MI by ligating the left coronary artery of MMP-2–KO and WT mice, th...

摘要：AbstractNeutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (Ngal), also known as siderocalin, forms a complex with iron-binding siderophores (Ngal:siderophore:Fe)。 This complex converts renal progenitors...

摘要：Loss-of-function mutations in lubricin (a secreted glycoprotein encoded by the gene PRG4) cause the human autosomal recessive disorder camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CAC...

摘要：AbstractCoagulase-negative staphylococci, with the leading species Staphylococcus epidermidis, are the predominant cause of hospital-acquired infections。 However, virulence mechanisms of these imp...

摘要：In this study, a virulence-associated DEAD-box RNA helicase–encoding gene (VAD1) was isolated from a mutant defective in the virulence factor laccase。 Vad1 was located within macromolecular compl...

摘要：AbstractKaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked with all clinical forms of Kaposi sarcoma and several lymphoproliferative disorders。 Like other herpesviruses, KSHV becomes latent i...

摘要：AbstractThe neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the maintenance of cardiac vessel wall stability during embryonic development through direct angiogenic actions on ...

摘要：AbstractInactivation of the growth factor–regulated S6 kinase RSK2 causes Coffin-Lowry syndrome in humans, an X-linked mental retardation condition associated with progressive skeletal abnormaliti...

摘要：AbstractBlockade of prostaglandin (PG) production by COX inhibitors is the treatment of choice for inflammatory pain but is also prone to severe side effects。 Identification of signaling elements ...

摘要：AbstractThe induction of potent CD8+ T cell responses by vaccines to fight microbes or tumors remains a major challenge, as many candidates for human vaccines have proved to be poorly immunogenic。...

摘要：AbstractThe capacity to adjust energy intake in response to changing energy requirements is a defining feature of energy homeostasis。 To investigate the physiological role of leptin in the control...

摘要：AbstractHerpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a TNF receptor superfamily member, has been previously described as a T cell costimulatory receptor。 Surprisingly, HVEM–/– T cells showed enhanced resp...

摘要：AbstractOmenn syndrome is a severe primary immunodeficiency with putative autoimmune manifestations of the skin and gastrointestinal tract。, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dy...

摘要：The Th2 cytokine IL-13 is a central mediator of allergy and asthma, and common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL13 are associated with allergic phenotypes in several ethnically diverse populati...

摘要：AbstractDue to its relatively slow clinical progression, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is classically described as a disease of accumulation rather than proliferation。 However, evide...

摘要：Abstract-Defensins are abundant antimicrobial peptides in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and play an important role in innate immunity。 We have previously shown that -defensin-1 can inhibit HIV-1 re...