摘要：AbstractIn the “Policy on enhancing public access to archived publications resulting from NIH-funded research,“ the NIH requests that all publications resulting from primary research supported by...

摘要：eduThe world of biomedical science, and indeed the world at large, lost a beloved friend and stellar leader when Stanley J。 Korsmeyer died on March 31, 2005, at the age of 54。 Stan, a world-renow...

摘要：On April 13, the National Geographic Society launched the Genographic Project。 The $40 million project is a 5-year effort to map the migration of humans from Africa to the regions inhabited now。A...

摘要：Experts are making an effort to set up a national network of umbilical cord blood banks to coordinate collection and distribution of these cells。According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), cord ...

摘要：Didier Trono has been dean of the School of Life Sciences, a new entity at The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), since October 1, 2004。 The JCI talked to Trono, a prominent HI...

摘要：eduIn 1654 Rembrandt painted a picture of his mistress entitled Bathsheba at her bath。 Over 300 years later, an Italian physician vacationing in Amsterdam viewed the painting at the Rijksmuseum an...

摘要：eduAs is its biological wont, DNA has an evolving role in the justice system。 No longer a tool only for the prosecution, DNA testing has become a part of post-conviction review, a sometimes-approp...

摘要：that claimed lack of MEF2A mutations in coronary artery disease (CAD) (1) and the accompanying commentary by Altshuler and Hirschhorn (2)。 They analyzed the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the...

摘要：1US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA。2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA。We refer readers to the commentary by Altshuler...

摘要：AbstractThe remarkable achievements in human genetics over the years have been due to technological advances in gene mapping and in statistical methods that relate genetic variants to disease。 Nea...

摘要：Here we review family-based and population-based methods for association analysis。 We define the factors that determine statistical power and show how study design and analysis should be designed ...

摘要：Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India AbstractRecent advances in statistical methods and genomic technologies have ushered in a new era in mapping clinically important q...

摘要：Recently, polymorphisms incorporated in the HapMap Project have made linkage disequilibrium (LD) the most powerful tool for localization。 The genetics of LD, the maps and databases that it provide...

摘要：2Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA。 AbstractConventional genetic analysis focuses on the genes that account for specific phenotypes, while traditional...

摘要：AbstractGenetic epidemiological studies suggest that individual variation in susceptibility to schizophrenia is largely genetic, reflecting alleles of moderate to small effect in multiple genes。 M...

摘要：In fact, it has been the very knowledge gained from genetic studies that has allowed the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology and pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative d...

摘要：AbstractAtrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) acts acutely to reduce plasma volume by at least 3 mechanisms: increased renal excretion of salt and water, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeabilit...

摘要：Its guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor is highly expressed in vascular endothelium, but the functional relevance of this is controversial。 To dissect the endothelium-mediated actions of ANP in viv...

摘要：AbstractHyperplasia of pulmonary artery SMCs (PASMCs) is a pathological hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)。See the related article beginning on page 1479 Pulmonary arterial hyperten...

摘要：In a new study in this issue of the JCI, Gattinoni and colleagues used a TCR transgenic mouse model to examine in vitro–generated tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells at various stages of differen...

摘要：AbstractA vast excess of -globin production and inadequate -globin compensation lead to the development of severe anemia in human 。-thalassemia。 Newly identified modifiers of - and -globin synthe...

摘要：In addition to providing novel insight into the mechanisms that interfere with the development of protective immune responses to M。 tuberculosis, the study raises the possibility that pharmacologi...

摘要：AbstractAnorexia is one of several abnormalities characterizing chronic kidney disease (CKD) that cause cachexia, the loss of muscle and adipose stores。 In this issue of the JCI, Cheung and cowork...

摘要：In this issue of the JCI, Glinsky and colleagues used human and murine models to identify a potential stem cell mRNA signature, based on the hypothesis that tumors with stem cell–like characterist...

摘要：AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by genetic and acquired abnormalities that suppress apoptosis and enhance cell proliferation in the vascular wall, including downregul...

摘要：AbstractOvercoming resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been a difficult but important goal in the effort to cure cancer。 We used gene-expression microarrays to identify differenti...

摘要：We applied a mouse/human comparative translational genomics approach to identify an 11-gene signature that consistently displays a stem cell–resembling expression profile in distant metastatic les...

摘要：In order to circumvent the early embryonic lethality of Gata4-null embryos and to investigate the role of myocardial Gata4 expression in cardiac development, we used Cre/loxP technology to conditio...

摘要：AbstractMissense mutations in ferroportin1 (fpn1), an intestinal and macrophage iron exporter, have been identified between transmembrane helices 3 and 4 in the zebrafish anemia mutant weissherbst ...

摘要：1 (VLA-4) and VCAM-1 promote close intercellular adhesion between ECs and pericytes and that this interaction is required for blood vessel formation。1 is expressed by proliferating but not quiesce...

摘要：AbstractMajor barriers separating the blood from tissue compartments in the body are composed of endothelial cells。 Interaction of bacteria with such barriers defines the course of invasive infect...

摘要：AbstractAnticoagulant protein C (PC) is important not only for maintenance of normal hemostasis, but also for regulating the host immune response during inflammation。 Because mice with a designed ...

摘要：AbstractHeme-regulated eIF2 kinase (HRI) controls protein synthesis by phosphorylating the -subunit of eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2 (eIF2)。 In heme deficiency, HRI is essential for...

摘要：Here we report that this process partially recapitulates embryonic endochondral bone formation in a spontaneous model of arthritis in DBA/1 mice。 Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling appears...

摘要：AbstractAirway smooth muscle (ASM) growth contributes to the mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma。 Here we demonstrate that CD4+ T cells, central to chronic airway inflammation, drive...

摘要：Using an mAb specific for C5, we were able to evaluate the contribution of C5 during (a) the initiation of airway inflammation, (b) the maintenance of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and (c) sust...

摘要：AbstractTh1 type cytokine responses are critical in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection。 Recent findings indicate that 5-lipoxygenase–dependent (5-LO–dependent) lipoxins regulate...

摘要：By transferring tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice at various stages of differentiation, we evaluated their efficacy for adoptive immunotherapy。 We found that administration of na...

摘要：Here we describe a potential novel therapeutic agent for this disease, FGF-21, which was discovered to be a potent regulator of glucose uptake in mouse 3T3-L1 and primary human adipocytes。 FGF-21–...

摘要：AbstractB cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of expanding monoclonal B cells whose B cell receptor (BCR) mutational status defines 2 subgroups。 patients with mutated BCRs have a ...