摘要：Jimmy was my oldest friend。 He was simply a wonderful person and one of the most interesting, accomplished, and generous people I have ever known。I first met Jimmy in 1951 at Harvard Summer Schoo...

摘要：The JCI’s editorial board moves from one institution to another every five years — the JCI moved from the University of Michigan to Columbia University in March 2002 and is set to move to another...

摘要：New York, New York, USA。 MarksColumbia University, New York, New York, USA。 Answers to these seemingly disparate questions are found in In search of memory: the emergence of a new science of mind...

摘要：comJohn Emsley has written an entertaining book entitled The elements of murder: a history of poison。 This enjoyable book is devoted to the poisonous elements found in the periodic table。 His des...

摘要：Yet we both also understand that humans evolved from primate ancestors, as do all of our colleagues with whom we have discussed this issue。 At a time when the separation of church and state is bei...

摘要：AbstractWe review here the current political landscape and our own efforts to address the attempts to undermine science education in Wisconsin。 Here, we summarize some of the scientific and legal ...

摘要：AbstractSkin and bone — what comes to mind at hearing this phrase。 While certainly a metaphor for disease, it also defines two very different tissues, one a flexible and contiguous outer covering...

摘要：AbstractSkin is at the interface between the complex physiology of the body and the external, often hostile, environment, and the semipermeable epidermal barrier prevents both the escape of moistur...

摘要：AbstractAutoimmune bullous disorders are a group of severe skin diseases characterized clinically by blisters and erosions of skin and/or mucous membranes。 This Review focuses on the potential rol...

摘要：AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes virtually all cases of cervical cancer, the second most common cause of death from cancer among women worldwide。 This Review examines prophylact...

摘要：AbstractThis Review highlights selected frontiers in pruritus research and focuses on recently attained insights into the neurophysiological, neuroimmunological, and neuroendocrine mechanisms under...

摘要：AbstractThe stem cell niche is composed of a specialized population of cells that plays an essential role in regulating adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation。 In adults, osteoblasts, re...

摘要：AbstractEstrogen plays a fundamental role in skeletal growth and bone homeostasis in both men and women。 Although remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of how estrogen deficiency ...

摘要：AbstractWnt proteins are a family of secreted proteins that regulate many aspects of cell growth, differentiation, function, and death。 Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of ...

摘要：A study in this issue of the JCI demonstrates how heterodimerization between prostaglandin E receptors and 。 This illustrates what we believe to be a novel mechanism of receptor cross-talk and hig...

摘要：AbstractAutoimmune diseases such as the diabetes that develops in NOD mice depend on immunologic recognition of specific autoantigens, but recognition can result in a pathogenic or protective T cel...

摘要：Upon binding oligosaccharides, they activate the complement cascade analogous to the more familiar but evolutionarily more recent classical pathway, which is triggered by antibody binding to antige...

摘要：AbstractIL-23 induces the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into highly pathogenic helper T cells (Th17/ThIL-17) that produce IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6, and TNF-, but not IFN- and IL-4。 Two studies ...

摘要：AbstractIn blood vessels, endothelia are submitted to constant shear effects and are, under normal conditions, capable of responding to any variation in hemodynamic forces。 Caveolae — 50- to 100-...

摘要：AbstractInflammatory skin disorders result in significant epidermal changes, including keratinocyte hyperproliferation, incomplete differentiation, and impaired barrier。 Here we test whether, conv...

摘要：AbstractCurrent therapies for delayed- or nonunion bone fractures are still largely ineffective。 Therefore we investigated the role of PlGF in a model of semistabilized bone fracture healing。 Fra...

摘要：AbstractAutoimmune diseases are often precipitated by viral infections。 Yet our current understanding fails to explain how viruses trigger organ-specific autoimmunity despite thymic tolerance exte...

摘要：AbstractTo avoid toxic overload of cholesterol in peripheral cells, the reverse cholesterol transport pathway directs excess cholesterol through HDL acceptors to the liver for elimination。 reveals...

摘要：AbstractIL-23 is a member of the IL-12 cytokine family that drives a highly pathogenic T cell population involved in the initiation of autoimmune diseases。 To explore the clinical efficacy of targ...

摘要：AbstractWe have used a novel conditional transgenic system to study the mechanisms of angioproliferation induced by viral G protein–coupled receptor (vGPCR), the constitutively active chemokine re...

摘要：AbstractTo define the factors that control the tissue effects of IL-4, we compared the effects of Tg IL-4 in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice。 In the former, IL-4 caused modest eosinophilic inflammation an...

摘要：Therefore we compared long- and short-term flow-mediated mechanotransduction in vessels from WT mice, caveolin-1 knockout (Cav-1 KO) mice, and Cav-1 KO mice reconstituted with a transgene expressin...

摘要：Although loss of function of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) in thymic epithelial cells is responsible for autoimmunity, the pathogenic roles of AIRE in regulating target-organ specificity remain elusi...

摘要：AbstractWe have previously reported that genetically increased angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, or absence of the bradykinin B2 receptor, increase kidney damage in diabetic mice。 We demonstra...

摘要：AbstractWhen exposed to a pathogen, a naive CD4+ T cell is forced to make a cell fate decision that leads to a polarized population of Th1 IFN-– or Th2 IL-4– producing cells。 Although IL-4 has t...

摘要：AbstractFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common primary glomerular diagnosis resulting in end-stage renal disease。 Defects in several podocyte proteins have been implicated in...

摘要：The observation that mutation or deletion of the slit diaphragm transmembrane protein nephrin results in failure of podocyte foot process morphogenesis and concomitant proteinuria first suggested t...

摘要：AbstractSafe induction of autoantigen-specific long-term tolerance is the “holy grail“ for the treatment of autoimmune diseases。 In animal models of type 1 diabetes, oral or i。 immunization wit...

摘要：AbstractT cells recognizing self antigens expressed by cancer cells are prevalent in the immune repertoire。 Enhanced antigen presentation of multiple epitopes was investigated as a strategy to ove...

摘要：AbstractUncontrolled mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal tract of humans results in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis。 In early clinical t...

摘要：AbstractWe investigated the mechanisms by which inhibitors of prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2。 Therefore, the challenge remains to identify a mechanism whereby PGI2 and PGE2 expression can be...

摘要：AbstractMultiple and paradoxical effects of airway smooth muscle (ASM) 7-transmembrane–spanning receptors activated during asthma, or by treatment with bronchodilators such as 。2–adrenergic rece...

摘要：We show here that cystamine increases levels of the heat shock DnaJ-containing protein 1b (HSJ1b) that are low in HD patients。 HSJ1b inhibits polyQ-huntingtin–induced death of striatal neurons an...

摘要：AbstractLectin pathway activation of C3 is known to involve target recognition by mannan-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins and generation of classical pathway C3 convertase via cleavage of C4 and C2...

摘要：AbstractGenetic deficiency or inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) leads to a marked increase in plasma levels of large HDL-2 particles。 However, there is concern that such part...