摘要：AbstractScientists are usually thought to be beyond reproach, but with the recent spate of high-profile ethical transgressions by scientists, the public’s trust in science and scientists is deteri...

摘要：Nick Lane and Power, sex, suicide Mitochondria and the meaning of life 2005 Oxford University Press。“ However, as implied by the title of this most thought-provoking book, Nick Lane goes to great...

摘要：edu How fat works, by Philip A。 Wood, presents a biochemist and molecular geneticist‘s viewpoint on how dietary fats are normally metabolized and stored in the body and how derangements in these ...

摘要：AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is a relatively common disorder of the nervous system that afflicts patients later in life with tremor, slowness of movement, gait instability, and rigidity。 Treatme...

摘要：AbstractIt is now well accepted that diabetes mellitus is one of the main threats to human health in the twenty-first century。 The total number of people with diabetes worldwide was estimated at b...

摘要：However, the relevance of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues has been studied far more extensively than its role in the brain。 An evolving body of evidence indicates that in the brain, insuli...

摘要：AbstractRecent data underscore the importance of intertissue communication in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis。 Here we review the roles of glucose and its metabolites as signaling mo...

摘要：AbstractAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that regulates cellular metabolism。 Disruption of energy balance caused by overeating and a sedentary lifestyle has led to an increa...

摘要：AbstractAdiponectin is an adipokine that is specifically and abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and directly sensitizes the body to insulin。 Hypoadiponectinemia, caused by interactions of gene...

摘要：cell failure in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D)。 cell compensation for insulin resistance, consideration is also given to the mechanisms involved in the compensation p...

摘要：AbstractConsiderable evidence supports the association between insulin resistance and vascular disease, and this has led to wide acceptance of the clustering of hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance,...

摘要：AbstractPredicting the chances of recovery of consciousness and communication in patients who survive their coma but transit in a vegetative state or minimally conscious state (MCS) remains a major...

摘要：AbstractMutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins have been identified as the major cause of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC), in which the right ventricle is ...

摘要：AbstractCongenital hydrocephalus affects 0。 Although the insertion of shunts alleviates the symptoms of the majority of congenital cases, the molecular basis of hydrocephalus and the mechanisms of...

摘要：AbstractLiver X receptors (LXRs) broadly limit cholesterol accumulation by regulating expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and storage。 LXR deletion in mice increases the availabilit...

摘要：It has recently been demonstrated that hypoxia triggers coordinate upregulation on endothelial cells of mRNA for the A 2BAR and ectoenzymes involved in the conversion of extracellular adenine nucle...

摘要：AbstractSeveral clinical trials of bone marrow stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction are ongoing, but the mechanistic basis for any potential therapeutic effect is currently unclear。 A growi...

摘要：AbstractWe found that sterile wounding of human skin induced epidermal expression of the antimicrobial (poly)peptides human 。 Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor generated antimicro...

摘要：As their intracellular signaling converges at the PI3K pathway, we directly addressed the role of phosphatidylinositol3,4,5-trisphosphate–mediated (PIP3-mediated) signals in hypothalamic proopiome...

摘要：AbstractCholesterol is the obligate precursor to adrenal steroids but is cytotoxic at high concentrations。 Here, we show the role of the liver X receptors (LXR and LXR。) in preventing accumulatio...

摘要：AbstractAdenosine has been described as playing a role in the control of inflammation, but it has not been certain which of its receptors mediate this effect。 Here, we generated an A2B adenosine r...

摘要：AbstractHydrocephalus is a common and potentially devastating birth defect affecting the CNS, and its relationship with G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is unknown。 We have expressed 2, 4, or ...

摘要：AbstractInhibitory immune response to exogenously infused factor VIII (FVIII) is a major complication in the treatment of hemophilia A。 Generation of such inhibitors has the potential to disrupt g...

摘要：AbstractCTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade releases inhibitory controls on T cell activation and proliferation, inducing antitumor immunity in both preclinical and early clinical trials。 We...

摘要：AbstractBacterial vectors may offer many advantages over other antigen delivery systems for cancer vaccines。 We engineered a Salmonella typhimuriumvaccine strain to deliver the NY-ESO-1 tumor anti...

摘要：The CNS also directly regulates adipocyte metabolism, as we have shown here by examining central action of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin。 However, the phenotype of ghrelin gene–disrupted mice on...

摘要：AbstractTo develop an animal model of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection uniquely suited to evaluate longitudinal patterns of viral gene expression, cell tropism, and immune re...

摘要：Abstract Tumor-associated fibroblasts are key regulators of tumorigenesis。 In contrast to tumor cells, which are genetically unstable and mutate frequently, the presence of genetically more stable...

摘要：Here we show that expression of HtrA1, which is frequently downregulated in ovarian cancer, influences tumor response to chemotherapy by modulating chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity。 Downregulatio...

摘要：In addition, in this patient, we identified large, bilateral regions of posterior white matter with significantly increased anisotropy that reduced over 18 months。 In contrast, notable increases i...

摘要：They show that targeted expression of FVIII in megakaryocytes, with storage in the -granules of platelets, has the advantage of delivering clotting factors directly to the site of an injury, where ...

摘要：AbstractCholangiocellular carcinoma (CC), the second most common primary liver cancer, is associated with a poor prognosis。 Here we have generated a mouse model that develops CC with high penetran...

摘要：AbstractClass IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cardiac growth, bone development, and specification of skeletal muscle fiber type。 Multiple serin...

摘要：AbstractClinical trials of bone marrow stem/progenitor cell therapy after myocardial infarction (MI) have shown promising results, but the mechanism of benefit is unclear。 We examined the nature o...