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首页合作平台在线期刊中华中西医杂志2004年第5卷第9期论著

连续间置空肠折叠代胃在全胃切除术中的临床应用及不同重建方式的对比分析

来源:INTERNET
摘要:方法42例采用我科设计应用的连续间置空肠折叠代胃术式,并与22例Roux-en-Y术及20例顺行间置空肠代胃术式在近远期营养状况、术后并发症及Visick指数方面进行对比分析。结果近期(6个月)疗效方面,连续间置空肠折叠代胃术组在进食次数、每日进食量、体重增加方面显著改善,优于其它两组术式(P0。在远期(1年)以上疗效......

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【摘要】 目的 探讨全胃切除术后消化道重建理想的代胃术式。方法 42例采用我科设计应用的连续间置空肠折叠代胃术式,并与22例Roux-en-Y术及20例顺行间置空肠代胃术式在近远期营养状况、术后并发症及Visick指数方面进行对比分析。结果 近期(6个月)疗效方面,连续间置空肠折叠代胃术组在进食次数、每日进食量、体重增加方面显著改善,优于其它两组术式(P<0.05)。该术式代胃的容量明显增大,排空时间延长,与其它两组比较,统计学差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。在远期(1年)以上疗效方面,连续间置空肠折叠代胃术组与Roux-en-Y术组在进食次数、每日进食量、体重增加方面差异显著(P<0.05,P<0.01),与顺行间置空肠代胃术组相比体重和进食量差异有显著性(P<0.05),连续间置空肠折叠代胃术组消化道症状发生率低,其中反流性食管炎、恶性呕吐、食欲下降、滞留综合征(RSS)的发生率与Roux-en-Y术组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05),与顺行间置空肠代胃术组相比在反流性食管炎、食欲下降症状的出现上差异有显著性(P<0.05)。连续间置空肠折叠代胃术其Visick指数为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级者占95.2%。而Roux-en-Y术组,50%的病人Visick指数为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,术后体重明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 本术式能够在较短的时间内恢复和改善术前的营养状况。有效地防止反流性食管炎等并发症的发生。因此,该术式是全胃切除后理想的消化道重建术式。

关键词 间置空肠折叠代胃 全胃切除术 消化道重建 临床研究

Clinical study on continuous separate folded jejunum replacing 

stomach method in digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy 

Shi Yiran,Wang Feng,MaFuyi,et al.

 Dept.of Tumor Surgery of Wei-fang Municipal People’s Hospital,Shangdong261041. 

【Abstract】 Objective To study ideal replacing-stomach method after total gastrectomy.Methods 42cases were operated with continuous-separate-folded-jejunum -replacing-stomach method.22cases were operated with Roux-en-Y method.20cases we reoperated with sequent-separate-folded-je junum-replacing-stomach method.Short -term nutritional status,long-term status,postoperative complications and Visick index of the three groups.Results In the short-term(6months),curative effect,eating numbers,appetite per day,bodyweight gaining in the group operated with continuous-separate-folded-jejunum-replacing-stomach method was significantly ameliorated than in the other two groups(P<0.05).The volume of the replaced stomach of the group operated with continuous-separate-folded-jejunum-replacing-s tomach method were bigger than those of the other two groups.The empty time of the replaced stomach of the group operated with continuous-separate-folded-jejunu m-replacˉing-stomach method was shorter than those of the other two groups(P<0.01).In the long-term(1year),curative effect,eating numbers,appetite perday,body weight gaining in the group operated with continuous-separate-folded-jejunum-replacing-stomach method were significantly different from the group operated with Roux-en-Y method(P<0.01).Body weight,appetite per day of the former group were significantly different from the group opˉerated with sequent-separate-folded-jejunum-replacing-stomach method(P<0.05).The incidences of digesˉtive tract symptoms including reflux esophagitis,malignant vomiting,appetite descending,retention stagnation syndrome(RSS)in the former group was lower than in the group operated with Roux-en-Y method(P<0.05).The inciˉdences of reflux esophagitis,appetite descending in the former group was lower than in the group operated with sequent-separate-folded-jejunum-replacing-stomach method(P<0.05).95.2%of the Visick indexes of the former group were gradeⅠandⅡ,but50%of the Visick indexes of the Roux-en-Y method group were gradeⅢandⅣ,there were significantly difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The body status could bereˉcovered in short time and be better than that before operation with the continuous-separate-folded-jejunum-reˉplacing-stomach method.The method could prevent reflux of bile,pancreatic juice and food,prevent the incidence of reflux esophagitis.The method was an ideal replacing-stomach method after total gastrectomy.

Key words continuous-separate-folded-jejunum-replacing-stomach total gastrectomy digestive tract reconstruction clinˉical study

全胃切除行消化道各种重建术的应用在临床上取得了肯定的疗效,但目前尚无适合所有患者理想的代胃术式,笔者自1999年1月~2003年1月对104例胃部的进展期肿瘤实施全胃切除,对存活1年以上采用连续间置空肠折叠代胃术式42例病人进行营养状况分析,并与Roux-en-Y代胃术及顺行间置空肠代胃术进行临床比较,取得了良好的效果。现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 42例患者,男32例,女10例,年龄25~79岁,平均61.2岁。肿瘤部位:胃体部(M)10例,胃窦部侵及体部(AM)18例,胃底贲门侵及体部(CA)6例,全胃癌(革袋胃)6例,残胃癌2例。病理类型:粘液腺癌11例,高分化腺癌5例,中分化腺癌8例,低分化腺癌16例,胃印戒细胞癌2例。临床分期:Ⅱ期(T 2~3 N 0~1 M 0 )2例,Ⅲ A 期(T 2 N2 M 0 )15例,Ⅲ B 期(T 3 N 2 M 0 )21例,Ⅳ期(T 4 N 2 M 1 )4例。

1.2 手术方法 硬膜外或全身麻醉,上腹部切口36例,胸腹联合切口6例。全胃切除合并联合脏器切除3例,其中脾脏及胰尾部切除2例,横结肠部分切除1例,肝左外叶切除1例。操作要点:(1)游离全胃:切除大网膜及横结肠系膜前叶,结扎胃网膜右动静脉及胃网膜左动静脉,距幽门远端2cm横断十二指肠,切除胃小网膜,断扎胃左动静脉游离至贲门右,断扎胃网膜左动静脉及胃短动脉诸支,游离大弯侧至贲门左,切除约2~3cm食管下端,术中均常规按D 2 ~D 3 术式清扫淋巴结。(2)消化道重建方式:全胃切除后,距屈氏韧带下方30cm行食道空肠端—侧吻合,输出支肠段在距该吻合口45cm处与十二指肠行端—侧吻合,空肠十二指肠吻合口下方10cm与屈氏韧带下方10cm处行空肠间侧—侧吻合,输入肠段距食管空肠吻合口5~7cm及输出支肠段距空肠十二指肠吻合口3~5cm处空肠用7号线予以环扎,环扎处以刚好食糜液体不能通过为宜,不能损伤肠壁内神经血管功能。间置空肠段间隔15cm对折2次,肠壁浆肌层分别缝合固定,肠壁上端固定于肝圆韧带下方。(3)吻合方式:食管空肠吻合口多采用一次性机械吻合器进行吻合,其余吻合口多实施手工缝合,操作简便省时。见图1。

1.3 观察指标 (1)术后症状:包括反流性食管炎、食后饱 胀、恶心呕吐、食欲下降、进食困难、腹痛腹泻及非特异性不适。(2)体重:术后体重与术前体重的比较。(3)进食量:一般用每日进食总量来表示。(4)每日进食次数。(5)血浆营养参数(血红蛋白,血总蛋白、白蛋白)。(6)代胃的储存及排空功能:利用半固体吞钡实验检查。(7)Visick指数:术后症状评估指数。

1.4 统计学处理 应用SPSS10.0统计软件,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ 2 检验。

2 结果

2.1 预后情况 全组无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄并发症的发生,1例因慢性支气管炎伴剧烈咳嗽造成腹壁裂开,二次探查行腹壁裂开修复术。1例胸腹联合切口术后继发出血行探查止血。无住院死亡病例,术后住院12~22天,平均15天。

2.2 随访情况 全组病例均得到随访,随访时间超过1年。

2.3 连续间置空肠折叠代胃术前术后营养参数的分析 见表1。

2.4 近远期与两种不同术式营养状况及生理功能分析 见表2、表3。

2.5 与两种不同术式并发症发生情况对比分析 见表4。

图1 连续间置空肠折叠代胃术模式图 略

表1 连续间置空肠折叠代胃术前术后(0~12个月)营养指标变化 略

表2 近期(6个月)营养状况及生理功能比较 略

表3 远期(12个月)营养状况及生理功能比较   略

作者: 石毅然 王峰 马富懿 马世庆 张永庆 2005-5-17
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