热量摄取对健康成年人的睡眠模式有负面影响

　　June 13, 2008(巴尔的摩) — 一篇新研究显示，热量摄取，特别是宵夜，对健康成年人的睡眠模式有负面影响。
　　
　　主要研究者、巴西联邦大学心理生物学系的Iona Zalcman Zimberg医师结论表示，整体能量摄取和宵夜能量与睡眠时醒来之间有正向的显著关联；同样的，整体能量摄取和宵夜能量与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气（通气不足）指数有显著关联。
　　
　　和之前的其他研究一起考量后显示，全天的食物摄取分布可以作为睡眠时的内分泌和代谢模式的警讯，他们指出，热量摄取会增加健康者的睡眠片段，这或许会增加营养和代谢平衡的睡眠限制效果。
　　
　　他们的发现在SLEEP 2008：睡眠专业学会第22届年会中发表。
　　
　　【食物影响睡眠】
　　Zalcman医师在Medscape Psychiatry的访问中表示，我们试着测量食物摄取会怎样影响睡眠；研究者招募了52名年纪在20至45岁之间的健康成人。Zalcman医师解释，这些人必须完成3天的食物日记，以及整夜的多频道睡眠检查，根据Rechtschaffen与Kales国际标准评分规范，以多频道睡眠检查来测定这些人的睡眠模式。
　　
　　研究结果指出，整体能量摄取和睡眠片段显著有关(r= 0.29; P< .05)，AHI也是 (r= 0.40; P< .05)；Zalcman医师表示，宵夜能量摄取和睡眠模式之间也有类似倾向，在睡眠时醒来(r= 0.69; P?< .05)以及AHI分数(r= 0.65; P?< .05)都有显著关系。
　　
　　她指出，当你吃更多，特别是夜晚，你会有更多的睡眠片段，睡眠呼吸暂停低通气（通气不足）指数较高。
　　
　　【重设频率？】
　　出席该会议的Saul A. Rothenberg博士在Medscape Psychiatry的访问中表示，食物摄取是否会影响睡眠以及整天的模式的议题，最近开始以谨慎的科学方法进行研究；Saul A. Rothenberg博士是纽约北岸–长岛犹太医疗健康体系睡眠障碍中心的心理专家，美国睡眠医学委员会(肺部、重症照护、睡眠医学)专科医师。
　　
　　Rothenberg博士指出，因此，这类研究相当重要；有许多研究方法的议题，但观念是，在有无食物的情况下是否会影响或重新设定全天的节率，这是很重要的议题，这扩大了我们对于昼夜节率的了解。
　　
　　本研究未接受商业补助。Zalcman博士和Rothenberg博士宣称没有相关资金上的往来。
　　
　　SLEEP 2008: 睡眠专业学会(APSS)第22届年会。摘要0084。发表于2008年6月10日。

Caloric Intake Negatively Influences Sleep Patterns in Healthy Adults

By Crina Frincu-Mallos
Medscape Medical News

June 13, 2008 (Baltimore, Maryland) — Caloric intake and especially late-night-snack energy intake have a negative influence on sleep patterns in healthy adults, a new study shows.

"Positive and statistically significant correlations were found between total energy intake and late-night energy intake and awakenings during sleep," the researchers, led by Iona Zalcman Zimberg, MD, PhD student, from the department of psychobiology at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, conclude. "Similarly, total energy intake and late-night-snack energy intake were significantly correlated with the apnea–hypopnea index ," they said.

Taken together with previous research showing that the circadian distribution of food intake is capable of altering endocrine and metabolic patterns during sleep, they note that "the caloric intake may increase sleep fragmentation in healthy subjects, which might increase the effects of sleep restriction on nutritional and metabolic balance."

Their findings were reported here at SLEEP 2008: 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies.

Food Influences Sleep

"We tried to measure how food intake influences sleep," Dr. Zalcman said in an interview with Medscape Psychiatry. The investigators recruited 52 healthy subjects aged 20 and 45 years. The patients had to complete a 3-day food diary in addition to being subjected to an overnight polysomnography, explained Dr. Zalcman. The polysomnographic examination was performed to determine the sleep patterns in this cohort of healthy adults, according to Rechtschaffen and Kales international standard scoring criteria.

The study results indicate that total energy intake significantly correlates with sleep fragmentation (r?= 0.29; P?< .05) and with AHI (r?= 0.40; P?< .05). A similar trend was found for late-night-snack energy intake and sleep patterns, with a statistically significant correlation with awakenings during sleep (r?= 0.69; P?< .05) and with AHI score (r?= 0.65; P?< .05), Dr. Zalcman said.

"When you eat more, especially at night, you may have more sleep fragmentation, and a higher apnea–hypopnea index ," she noted.

Resetting the Rhythm?

"The issue of whether food intake can modulate sleep and modulate circadian patterns is one that has only recently started to become investigated in a careful, scientific way," Saul A. Rothenberg, PhD, a psychologist at the Sleep Disorders Center, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, in New Hyde Park, New York, diplomate of the American Board of Sleep Medicine (pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine), and an attendee at the meeting, said in an interview with Medscape Psychiatry.

"Thus, investigations like this are very important," Dr. Rothenberg added. "There may be methodological issues with the investigation, but the idea that there is another setting or resetting mechanism for circadian rhythms [related to] the availability or absence of food is an extremely important issue, and it expands greatly our understanding about the regulation of circadian patterns," he said.

The study did not receive commercial support. Drs. Zalcman and Rothenberg have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

SLEEP 2008: 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies: Abstract 0084. Presented June 10, 2008.