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Dec. 21, 2007 -- Spurred by patient deaths and life-threatening side effects, the FDA today issued its second warning about misuse of skin patches containing the painkiller fentanyl.
Fentanyl is a prescription opioid drug. Fentanyl skin patches are sold under the brand name Duragesic and in four generic products.
Today's FDA warning is specific to fentanyl patches -- not other forms of fentanyl -- and applies to Duragesic and generic fentanyl patches.
The FDA's key message: Fentanyl skin patches must be prescribed and used exactly as directed, and only by patients whose bodies have become able to tolerate opioids, reducing the risk of serious side effects.
The FDA issued a similar warning in July 2005.
"Unfortunately, we still do continue to see cases of patients using the product incorrectly and prescribers prescribing the product incorrectly," Bob Rappaport, MD, director of the FDA's division of anesthesia, analgesia, and rheumatology products, said in a news conference.
"Some of these cases have resulted in life-threatening events and some even in death," says Rappaport, adding that the FDA will provide the number of those cases in the next week or so.
Some cases are related to prescribers who prescribe the patches for patients who aren't opioid-tolerant. In other cases, patients use the patches incorrectly.
"For instance, they cannot be used in a setting where they would be exposed to heat, such as with a heating pad or a hot tub or a heated water bed," says Rappaport. "That increases the amount of the drug that's absorbed from the patch and can cause a life-threatening situation."
Patients and prescribers need to fully understand how to use fentanyl patches, says Rappaport.
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The FDA wants doctors and patients to learn the symptoms of fentanyl overdose, including:
Patients using the fentanyl patch who experience those symptoms should get medical attention right away, says the FDA.
Patients or caregivers should call the patient's doctor immediately if the patient's temperature exceeds 102 degrees while wearing a fentanyl patch, the FDA notes.