摘要：The open access movement has fueled debates in the US between advocates of free access to biomedical literature and publishers that depend on subscription revenue for their livelihood。 The controv...

摘要：When Woo Suk Hwang and his group at Seoul National University announced their creation of human stem cell lines that matched the donors’ own DNA, the media craze began。Before patient-specific ste...

摘要：JCI:How do you think your work can make a difference clinically in patients with diabetes。

摘要：Parson’s book The Proteus effect: stem cells and their promise for medicine, named for the mythical sea god who could change his shape at will, begins with an excellent introduction that describes...

摘要：Richard Dawkins’s The ancestor’s tale: a pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution is an extraordinary work that meets all of those challenges and many others。 At first the travelers include only the ...

摘要：AbstractOffering payment to clinical research subjects, in an effort to enhance recruitment by providing an incentive to take part or enabling subjects to participate without financial sacrifice, i...

摘要：AbstractHuman parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy。 Parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by bindin...

摘要：AbstractIn order to examine the factors governing the timing and flexibility of skeletal muscle switching between fat and carbohydrate oxidation, Ukropcova et al。 studied the effect of glucose and...

摘要：AbstractIn the days following infection, when the human body develops and refines antibodies and prepares to mount an adaptive immune response, the bulwark of innate host defense against microbial ...

摘要：AbstractEpithelial organs such as the intestine and skin have a relatively high rate of cell loss and thus require a reservoir of stem cells capable of both replacing the lost epithelia and maintai...

摘要：AbstractHarlequin ichthyosis (HI) — the most severe form of keratinizing disorders, often lethal in the neonatal period — is characterized by a profound thickening of the keratin skin layer, a de...

摘要：AbstractChromogranin A (CHGA) and its derived peptides, which are stored and released from dense-core secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells, have been implicated as playing multiple roles in t...

摘要：AbstractIn the present study, we demonstrated that human skin cancers frequently overexpress TGF-。1 but exhibit decreased expression of the TGF-。 type II receptor (TGF-。RII)。

摘要：In the present study, we isolated undifferentiated precursors from the cardiac nonmyocyte cell population of neonatal hearts, expanded them in culture, and induced them to differentiate into functi...

摘要：AbstractIn the developing growth plate, periarticular chondrocytes proliferate, differentiate into columnar chondrocytes, and then further differentiate into postmitotic hypertrophic chondrocytes。...

摘要：AbstractIschemia causes kidney tubular cell damage and abnormal renal function。 The kidney is capable of morphological restoration of tubules and recovery of function。 Recently, it has been sugge...

摘要：AbstractIschemic injury to the kidney produces acute tubular necrosis and apoptosis followed by tubular regeneration and recovery of renal function。 Although mitotic cells are present in the tubul...

摘要：AbstractDisruption of the cell-cell junction with concomitant changes in the expression of junctional proteins is a hallmark of cancer cell invasion and metastasis。 The role of adherent junction p...

摘要：AbstractHarlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a devastating skin disorder with an unknown underlying cause。 ABCA12 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, and members of the ABCA subfam...

摘要：AbstractTo examine the impact of tumors on the immune system, we compared global gene expression profiles of peripheral blood T cells from previously untreated patients with B cell chronic lymphocy...

摘要：Here we report on our use of conditional gene targeting to examine the contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, subunit (HIF-1) to myeloid cell innate immune function。 HIF-1 was induced by bact...

摘要：AbstractInhibitors of HIV protease have been shown to have antiapoptotic effects in vitro, yet whether these effects are seen in vivo remains controversial。 In this study, we have evaluated the im...

摘要：however, its role in vessel morphogenesis and maturation is not known。 Using intravital microscopy, histological analysis, –smooth muscle actin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 staining, mi...

摘要：AbstractAdministration of IL-2 to HIV-infected patients leads to expansion of a unique subset of CD4+CD45RO–CD25+ cells。 Analysis of TCR excision circles revealed that the CD4+CD45RO–CD25+ cells...

摘要：AbstractNF-B is an important component of both autoimmunity and bone destruction in RA。 NF-B–inducing kinase (NIK) is a key mediator of the alternative arm of the NF-B pathway, which is character...

摘要：AbstractMore than 70% of patients survive childhood leukemia, but chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause irreversible impairment of spermatogenesis。 Although autotransplantation of germ cells ho...

摘要：AbstractThe luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), mainly expressed in gonads, is essential for normal reproduction。 However, numerous recent studies have also demonstrated LHR expression in multiple...

摘要：AbstractSle3 is an NZM2410-derived lupus susceptibility locus on murine chromosome 7。Sle3, associated with serum antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs), T cell hyperactivity, and elevated CD4/CD8 ratio...

摘要：AbstractThe progression of immune responses is generally associated with an increase in the overall avidity of antigen-specific T cell populations for peptide-MHC。 This is thought to result from p...

摘要：23, is characterized by dysmorphic features, mental retardation or learning difficulties, elastin arteriopathy, and striking neurocognitive and social-behavioral abnormalities。 Recent studies of m...

摘要：Alloreactive T cells were rendered anergic ex vivo by coculture with donor alloantigen in the presence of anti-CD80/CD86 mAbs before adoptive transfer via renal allograft to rhesus monkey recipient...

摘要：The melanoma microenvironment may lead to local T cell tolerance in part through downregulation of costimulatory molecules, such as B7。 We report the results from the first clinical trial, to our ...

摘要：AbstractThe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls blood pressure and salt-volume homeostasis。 Renin, which is the first enzymatic step of the cascade, is critically regulated at the transc...

摘要：AbstractMucosal tolerance prevents pathological reactions against environmental and food antigens, and its failure results in exacerbated inflammation typical of allergies and asthma。 One of the p...

摘要：AbstractMetabolic flexibility of skeletal muscle, that is, the preference for fat oxidation (FOx) during fasting and for carbohydrate oxidation in response to insulin, is decreased during insulin r...