摘要：The new Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI), set up by the NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), is a consortium of researchers at various universities wh...

摘要：The information, published in 3 papers in the July 15 issue of Science, provides new opportunities for developing new therapies (1-3)。 “With a genome sequence, there’s a framework for generating...

摘要：But September is also the time of year when the process of selecting a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine begins。It is during this month that the Nobel Assembly, composed of 50 el...

摘要：If this venture is successful, it will enable prospective health risk evaluation and make targeted medicine possible in the future。A machine to make a future by Paul Rabinow and Talia Dan-Cohen, a...

摘要：Shyam BiswalBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA。eduHeart attacks, several forms of cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases due to cigar...

摘要：provide evidence that after mouse corneal transplant, CD11b+ macrophages infiltrate the corneal stroma and transdifferentiate into lymphatic endothelial cell clusters that join existing lymphatic v...

摘要：A study in this issue of the JCI reports that the GBS invasion-associated gene (iagA) contributes to meningeal infection and virulence by facilitating invasion of the cells that compose the blood-b...

摘要：AbstractDespite recent advances in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to cardiac arrhythmia, its incidence in the population at large has remained unacceptably high。 Here, we review the rol...

摘要：AbstractAng II plays a key role in cardiovascular regulation and participates in vascular pathobiology, including inflammation and remodeling。 Whether these tissue effects are mediated by direct A...

摘要：AbstractParathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) acts as a paracrine regulator in several tissues, and its physiological roles also extend to bone。 demonstrate that osteoblast-specific ablatio...

摘要：AbstractInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are T lymphocytes that behave similarly to cells of the innate immune system。 The glycolipid -galactosylceramide (-GalCer) is a potent and specific ...

摘要：1Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain。2Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superio...

摘要：AbstractIn the inflamed cornea, there is a parallel outgrowth of blood and lymphatic vessels into the normally avascular cornea。 Our results indicate that innate immune cells (CD11b+ macrophages, ...

摘要：AbstractHere we describe 2 mutations in growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) that alter receptor-binding affinities。 They cause brachydactyly type A2 (L441P) and symphalangism (R438L), condi...

摘要：AbstractForkhead box O (Foxo) transcription factors are emerging as critical transcriptional integrators among pathways regulating differentiation, proliferation, and survival, yet the role of the ...

摘要：In cell culture models, apoptosis is contingent upon a mechanism involving reovirus-induced activation of transcription factor NF-B complexes containing p50 and p65/RelA subunits。 To explore the i...

摘要：AbstractThe most common cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) is deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508) in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel。 To identify small-molecule corr...

摘要：AbstractCold hyperalgesia is a well-documented symptom of inflammatory and neuropathic pain。 however, the underlying mechanisms of this enhanced sensitivity to cold are poorly understood。 Here we...

摘要：AbstractMice heterozygous for targeted disruption of Pthrp exhibit, by 3 months of age, diminished bone volume and skeletal microarchitectural changes indicative of advanced osteoporosis。 Impaired...

摘要：AbstractThe umbrella cells that line the bladder are mechanosensitive, and bladder filling increases the apical surface area of these cells。 Increased pressure stimulated ATP release from the isol...

摘要：Here we show that nasal vaccination with a proteosome-based adjuvant that is well tolerated in humans plus glatiramer acetate, an FDA-approved synthetic copolymer used to treat multiple sclerosis, ...

摘要：Most diabetic mice do not exhibit a higher degree of atherosclerosis unless the development of diabetes is associated with more severe hyperlipidemia。 The gene encoding aldose reductase (AR), an e...

摘要：AbstractPrevious studies indicate a pivotal role for complement in mediating both local and remote injury following ischemia and reperfusion of the intestine。 Here, we report on the use of a mouse...

摘要：AbstractA major stumbling block for research on and treatment of type 1 diabetes is the inability to directly, but noninvasively, visualize the lymphocytic/inflammatory lesions in the pancreatic is...

摘要：AbstractNIDDM is characterized by progressive insulin resistance and the failure of insulin-producing pancreatic 。 Hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and prolonged activation of the insulin receptor ...

摘要：AbstractThe tuberculosis vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was equipped with the membrane-perforating listeriolysin (Hly) of Listeria monocytogenes, which was shown to impr...

摘要：AbstractGenetic defects in the IFN- response pathway cause unique susceptibility to intracellular pathogens, particularly mycobacteria, but are rare and do not explain mycobacterial disease in the ...

摘要：AbstractEnd-product feedback inhibition of cholesterol synthesis was first demonstrated in living animals by Schoenheimer 72 years ago。 Current studies define Insig proteins as essential elements ...

摘要：GBSs enter the CNS by penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists of specialized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs)。 To identify GBS factors required for BBB penetr...

摘要：AbstractAng II is a central mediator of vascular inflammation and remodeling。 The transcription factor Ets-1 is rapidly induced in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the mouse thoraci...

摘要：AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) action is mediated by TH receptors (TRs), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily。 In contrast, negative regulation by TH is thought to occur via...

摘要：AbstractThe relative roles of the types 1 and 2 iodothyronine deiodinases (D1 and D2) in extrathyroidal 3,5,3‘-triiodothyronine (T3) production in humans are unknown。 From these calculations, we ...

摘要：AbstractNatural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I–related glycoprotein CD1d。 The in vivo dynamics of the NKT cell population in response to glycolipi...

摘要：We used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and studied monocyte activation and progression of CNS neuronal injury in a CD8 lymphocyte depletion model of neuroAIDS in SIV-infected rhesus macaque mon...

摘要：AbstractPatients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) undergoing primary EBV infection show large expansions of EBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood。 While latent infection of the B cell pool is q...