摘要：“ The current state of the NIH prompts me to say to its director, Dr。 Bush is targeting the NIH for destruction。The NIH has been a national treasure for over 50 years, supporting the world’s be...

摘要：American Museum of Natural History。 New York 2006, November 19, 2005–May 29, 2006Jonathan GitlinWashington University School of Medicine, St。eduDarwin is the title of a current exhibition at the...

摘要：eduIn the last 20 years, new and reemerging pathogens have appeared at alarming rates, garnering considerable attention from the scientific and public health communities and the media。 Public heal...

摘要：AbstractThe urgent need for better cancer treatments has stimulated interest in employing small-animal models to evaluate potential drug therapies。 Robust mouse models of many human cancers have b...

摘要：AbstractThe long history of lead poisoning provides many lessons about the process by which scientific knowledge is translated into public health policy。 In the United States, lead was added to pa...

摘要：AbstractHuman T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent for the development of an aggressive hematologic neoplasia termed adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)。 Although the vir...

摘要：1-Adrenergic receptors (1-ARs) are members of the 7-transmembrane-spanning domain (7-TM) receptor family and signal via interaction with Gq in the heart。 Thus signaling to the 1-AR (compared with ...

摘要：Female fetuses virilize if their adrenals secrete excessive levels of androgens, as occurs in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency。 This can be ameliorated by administer...

摘要：Now Kuhn and colleagues have provided convincing evidence that autoantibodies reacting with citrullinated proteins, known for their sensitivity and specificity as biomarkers in RA, enhance tissue d...

摘要：Figure 1Production of renin by cardiac mast cells represents a novel mechanism for regulating the RAS。 In this issue of the JCI, Mackins, Levi, and associates show that ischemia of the heart trigg...

摘要：AbstractSepsis and sepsis syndrome are leading causes of mortality throughout the world。 It is widely held that sepsis represents a dysregulated innate immune response to an offending pathogen。 T...

摘要：AbstractDuring vertebrate development, mesenchymal progenitors capable of forming bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, or tendon arise from either neural crest or somitic mesoderm。 In this issue of the J...

摘要：AbstractVitamin D receptor (VDR) ligands are therapeutic agents for the treatment of psoriasis, osteoporosis, and secondary hyperparathyroidism。 In order to discover VDR ligands with less hypercal...

摘要：Over 20 different mutations in the CLDN16 gene have been identified in patients with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), a disease of excessive renal Mg2+ and ...

摘要：AbstractThe role of activated microglia (MG) in demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis is controversial。 Here we show that high, but not low, levels of IFN- (a cytokin...

摘要：Here, we show that zymosan, a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1, regulates cytokine secretion in DCs and macrophages to induce immunological tolerance。 First, zymosan induces DCs to secrete abundant ...

摘要：In this study we describe what we believe to be a novel approach for tendon regeneration based on a specific signalling molecule, Smad8, which mediates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells...

摘要：AbstractIn humans, sexual differentiation of the external genitalia is established at 7–12 weeks post conception (wpc)。 Here we show that the human fetal adrenal cortex synthesized cortisol much ...

摘要：Here, we show that conditional inactivation of GATA-6 in VSMCs results in perinatal mortality from a spectrum of cardiovascular defects, including interrupted aortic arch and persistent truncus art...

摘要：AbstractAntibodies against citrullinated proteins are specific and predictive markers for rheumatoid arthritis although the pathologic relevance of these antibodies remains unclear。 To investigate...

摘要：AbstractHuman T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, yet it induces adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) that is regularly of the CD4+ phenotype。 Here we sh...

摘要：Here, we show that CD4+ T cells expressing Foxp3 and membrane-bound TGF-。m+Foxp3+), previously shown to be immunosuppressive in both allergic and autoimmune diseases, activate the Notch1–hairy an...

摘要：We studied cardiac pressure overload in mice with double KO of the 2 main 1-AR subtypes in the heart, 1A (Adra1a) and 1B (Adra1b)。 Thus, 1-AR deletion worsens dilated cardiomyopathy after pressure...

摘要：AbstractMuscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is critical for the synaptic clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and plays multiple roles in the organization and maintenance of neuromuscu...

摘要：AbstractThe prevalence of asthma continues to increase。 Its optimal treatment remains a challenge, and a sufficient immunotherapeutic approach to treating asthma has yet to be found。 Using a muri...

摘要：AbstractHost genetic factors that regulate innate immunity determine susceptibility to sepsis。 Disruption of nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcripti...

摘要：AbstractShort-term overfeeding blunts the central effects of fatty acids on food intake and glucose production。 Here we examined whether central inhibition of lipid oxidation is sufficient to rest...

摘要：AbstractInsulin resistance markedly increases cardiovascular disease risk in people with normal glucose tolerance, even after adjustment for known risk factors such as LDL, triglycerides, HDL, and ...

摘要：AbstractOne approach to improving efficacy in MS therapy is to identify medications that provide additive or synergistic benefit in combination。 As atorvastatin can enhance protective Th2 response...

摘要：AbstractLIGHT is an important costimulatory molecule for T cell immunity。 Recent studies have further implicated its role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases, but its cellular and molecul...

摘要：AbstractPlasma HDL cholesterol levels are inversely related to risk for atherosclerosis。 The ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1) mediates the rate-controlling step in HDL particle ...

摘要：AbstractHaving identified renin in cardiac mast cells, we assessed whether its release leads to cardiac dysfunction。 In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, mast cell degranulation with compoun...

摘要：Many studies have focused on tolerance induction of Th1 cells, whose failure results in development of autoimmune diseases。 However, the molecular mechanisms governing tolerance induction in Th2 c...

摘要：AbstractWe set out to confirm the long-held, but untested, assumption that dietary salt affects proximal reabsorption through reciprocal effects on the renin-angiotensin system in a way that facili...

摘要：AbstractThe bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR。 We show here that FXR plays a key regulatory role in glucose homeostasis。 FXR-null mice developed severe fatty liver and elevated circula...

摘要：AbstractThe Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a virulence factor of H。 pylori that stimulates in neutrophils high production of oxygen radicals and adhesion to endothel...