摘要：The latter have been implicated in regulating cell fate determination in invertebrates and vertebrates。 To test the requirement for Dicer in cell-lineage decisions in a mammalian organism, we have...

摘要：The immune system‘s function is to protect against microorganisms, but infection is nonetheless the most frequent cause of death in human history。 Recent increases in human life span primarily re...

摘要：1 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany 2 Rudolf ...

摘要：Using an airflow permissive model to study the role of gases flowing over the transplanted airway, it is shown that prolonged inhalation of sublethal doses of carbon monoxide (CO), but not nitric o...

摘要：1 Experimental Immunology and Allergy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2 Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 3 Department of Biochemistry, U...

摘要：Autoantigens, such as double-stranded (ds) DNA and the RNA-containing Smith antigen (Sm), may be selectively targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus because of their ability to activate a putative...

摘要：Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 3 Center for Immunology, University o...

摘要：Pathogen recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) leads to DC maturation and the initiation of adaptive immunity。 Recent studies have shown that innate lymphocytes—natur...

摘要：1 Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 3 Departme...

摘要：1 Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, 839-0864, Japan 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, J...

摘要：Department of Parasitology, Heidelberg University School of Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany The Plasmodium life cycle is a sequence of alternating invasive and replicative stages within the ver...

摘要：Here we show that the inhibitory T cell costimulatory molecule, programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), has an important role in conferring fetomaternal tolerance in an allogeneic pregnancy model。 A rol...

摘要：1 Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 3 School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea U...

摘要：1 Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan 2 First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical Universi...