不同产地、不同采收期的薤白中腺苷含量测定色谱分析实例 | 39康复网

摘　要　利用高效液相色谱法测定不同产地、不同采收期、不同部位、不同加工方法的薤白中腺苷的含量，将结果进行比较得出：(1)在花期，薤白中的腺苷主要向花和叶中转移；(2)春秋两季则主要存在于鳞茎中，易于进行采摘；(3)新采集的薤白经蒸法加工其腺苷含量高于煮法.本实验结果为薤白的栽培、采收及加工方法提供了一定的理论基础.

Determination of Adenosine in Allium macrostemon Bunge of Different Producing Areas and Different Collecting Time

Liu Dailin,Liu Ailing,Qu Gexia,Wang Naili,Yao Xinsheng
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110015

Abstract　HPLC was used to determine the content of adenosine in different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge grown in different areas,collected in different seasons,processed by different methods.The conclusion was drawn as follows:(1)The content of adenosine in leaves and flowers of Allium macrostemon Bunge was higher than that in other parts when in flower.(2)The content of adenosine in bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge was the highest when collected in Spring and Autumn.(3)The content of adenosine in steamed bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge was higher than that of the boiled ones.So,scientific basis for the cultivating,gathering and processing of Allium macrostemon Bunge was provided from this experiment.
Key words　Allium macrostemon Bunge；adenosine;HPLC

　　中药薤白为葱属植物小根蒜(Allium macrostemon Bunge)的干燥鳞茎，具有理气宽胸，通阳散结之功效，中医临床广泛用于治疗胸痹，心痛彻背等症^〔1〕.目前研究^〔2〕表明薤白中含有大量的挥发油、腺苷、色氨酸及其衍生物和甾体皂苷等成分.据报道^〔3〕腺苷具有扩张冠状血管、增加冠状动脉血流量、扩张周围血管作用及减弱心肌收缩力的作用，是薤白治疗胸痹等症的主要活性成分之一.由于HPLC法具有准确、快速、易行等优点，故采用HPLC法测定了不同产地、不同采集期的薤白中腺苷的含量，并对其质量进行比较，以期能为薤白的栽培、采收及加工提供一定的理论依据.

1　实验材料

　　腺苷标准品由植化教研室姚新生教授提供；腺苷标准溶液的制备：精密称取腺苷标准品1.17 mg，用流动相甲醇-水(15∶85)定容至100 mL，作为标准溶液备用；本实验所用样品(见表1)均由中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用植物研究所徐昭玺研究员提供.样品溶液的制备：取粉碎后的各薤白样品2 g用10倍量60%乙醇回流提取3 h，过滤，将残渣用8倍量60%乙醇回流提取1 h，合并滤液用60%乙醇定容至50 mL，取20 mL样品提取液，蒸干后用流动相溶解并定容至10 mL，离心除去沉淀，用微孔滤膜过滤，备用.
　　高效液相色谱仪LC-10AD(日本岛津公司).

2　实验方法

2.1　薤白中腺苷的含量测定
2.1.1　色谱条件
　　色谱柱：YWG-C18(200 mm×5.0 mm);流动相：甲醇-水(15∶85)；流速：1 mL/min；测定波长：254 nm.

Tab.1　The samples collected from different places and processed by different methods

No	Collected at different time	Origin	Procession	The different parts of the plant
1	April 19	Beijing	streamed	bulb
2	April 19	Beijing	boiled	bulb
3	May 18	Beijing	streamed	bulb
4	May 18	Beijing	streamed	bulb
5	May 18	Beijing	boiled	flower
6	May 18	Beijing	streamed	fibrous root
7	May 18	Beijing	boiled	stem
8	June 18	Beijing	streamed	bulb
9	June 18	Beijing	boiled	bulb
10	May 18	Beijing	streamed	bulb
11	July 18	Beijing	streamed	bulb
12	August 18	Beijing	streamed	bulb
13	August 18	Beijing	boiled	bulb

(to be continued)

(Continued Tab.1)

No	Collected at different time	Origin	Procession	The different parts of the plant
14	September 18	Beijing	steamed	bulb and fibrous root
15	September 18	Beijing	boiled	bulb and fibrous root
16	October 19	Beijing	steamed	bulb and fibrous root
17	October 19	Beijing	boiled	bulb and fibrous root
18	October 19	Beijing	steamed	stem and leave
19	October 19	Beijing	boiled	stem and leave
20		The market of medicine in Anguo	boiled	bulb
21	July	Anguo	steamed	bulb
22	July 31	Jian in Jilin province	steamed	bulb
23	October	Neimenggu	steamed	bulb
24	October	Neimenggu	boiled	bulb
25	September	Kunming	steamed	bulb
26	October	Sichuang	steamed	bulb
27	October	Sichuang	boiled	bulb

　　(1)—The tenth sample was steamed after being put thirty days in the room；
　　(2)—The twenty-sixth sample and the twenty-seventh sample were the bulb of Allium chinense G.Don
2.1.2　标准曲线的制备
　　准确量取腺苷标准溶液0.5、1、2、3、4、5 mL分别置于10 mL容量瓶中，用流动相稀释至刻度，测定.以峰面积-浓度作图，在每毫升含腺苷0.5～6 μg范围内成良好的线性关系，其标准曲线方程为：y=1 112.2+758.3x，相关系数r=0.999 8(n=6).
2.1.3　回收率试验
　　采用加样回收法.取样品1溶液5 mL，置10 mL容量瓶中；准确加入上述标准溶液2 mL，用同一溶剂稀释至刻度，摇匀，测定.回收率测定结果见表2.

Tab.2　Results of recovery(n=5)

No	Add／μg	Obs/μg	Recovery/%	Mean±SD/%
1	23.4	22.98	98.2
2	23.4	23.02	98.4
3	23.4	22.71	97.1	97.9±1.4
4	23.4	22.51	96.2
5	23.4	23.33	99.7

2.2　样品中腺苷含量的测定
　　将同一产地(北京)，不同采集期的薤白鳞茎，分别通过蒸法(样品1、3、8、11、12、14、16)和煮法(样品2、4、9、13、15、17)加工后对其腺苷的含量进行测定，结果分别见图1和图2.

Fig.1　The content of adenosine in steamed bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge of Beijing in relation to different months

Fig.2　The content of adenosine in boiled bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge of Beijing in relation to different months

　　图1、图2中均表明春秋两季薤白中腺苷的含量比较高，夏季含量很少，9月份达到峰值，以后又有所降低，所以9月份采集比较好.同时将图1和图2进行比较，通过蒸法处理后的样品腺苷含量比煮法高，因此对于腺苷的含量蒸法优于煮法.
　　对同一产地(北京)薤白的不同部位进行腺苷含量的测定，结果见表3和图3.

Tab.3　The adenosine contents in different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge grown in the same place

No	Collected at different seasons	The part of the plant	Procession	Amount of in- jection/μL	Area	Adenosine(mg)／ Herbal drug(g)	Adenosine(mg)/Absolute dry herbal drug(g)
3	May 18	bulb	steamed	20	11 534	0.108	0.119
4	May 18	bulb	boiled	20	10 960	0.103	0.114
5	May 18	flower	boiled	20	30 390	0.268	0.298
6	May 18	fibrous root	steamed	20	12 412	0.115	0.128
7	May 18	stem	boiled	20	4 878	0.051 0	0.055 8
10	May 18	bulb	steamed	20	6 844	0.067 8	0.074 4
18	October 19	stem and leave	steamed	20	37 726	0.331	0.336
19	October 19	stem and leave	boiled	20	24 892	0.221	0.247

Fig.3　Changes of adenosine contents in the different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge collected in May in Beijing

　　表3和图3均表明了5月份采集的薤白其不同部位的含量变化.表3中可以看出10月份采集的茎叶中腺苷的含量明显增高.而图3则清楚地表明5月份是该植物的开花期，花中含有大量的腺苷，须根中的含量和鳞茎中的相差不多，茎杆的含量最低.采集后样品在室内放置30 d后测定，腺苷的含量明显降低，因此采集后应该马上进行蒸法或煮法处理.
　　对不同产地薤白(或薤)的腺苷含量进行测定，结果见表4.
　　表4表明内蒙古、吉林集安和北京产的薤白其腺苷含量都比较高，安国的产品其含量相对比较少.

3　结果与讨论

　　a.对于不同采集期薤白其腺苷的含量比较，春秋两季采集的薤白，腺苷的含量相对比较高.这与文献记载^〔1〕的中药薤白的采收期是相符的，即最好是在9月份采集.

Tab.4　The adenosine contents in Allium macrostemon Bunge or Allium chinense G.Don.grown in different places

No	Collected at different seasons	Origin	Procession	Amount of injection ／μL	Area	Adenosine(mg)／ Herbal drug(g)	Adenosine(mg)/Abs- olute dry herbal drug (g)
16	October 19	Beijing	steamed	20	28 394	0.251	0.276
17	October 19	Beijing	boiled	20	16 954	0.154	0.169
20		The market of drug in Anguo	boiled	20	23 258	0.208	0.229
21	July	Anguo	steamed	20	24 008	0.214	0.218
22	July 31	Jian in Jilin province	steamed	20	29 616	0.262	0.287
23	October	Neimenggu	steamed	20	25 440	0.226	0.250
24	October	Neimenggu	boiled	20	26 998	0.239	0.265
25	September	Kunming	steamed	20	23 102	0.206	0.228
26	October	Sichuan	steamed	20	18 552	0.167	0.184
27	October	Sichuan	boiled	20	16 474	0.150	0.166

　　b.对于同一采集期的薤白分别采用蒸法和煮法加工后，对其腺苷的含量进行比较，蒸法加工后的样品要高于煮法，这有可能是由于腺苷水溶性较好，用煮法加工时腺苷被损失导致含量降低.
　　c.对于同一采集期、不同部位的薤白其腺苷的含量比较，鳞茎是腺苷的主要含有部位，这恰好为中药薤白采用鳞茎入药提供了理论依据；在开花期间，花序也是主要的含有部位，叶中的腺苷含量也较高，须根中的含量较少，茎杆中的含量最少，这可能是由于在花期，营养成分主要向花序转移，因此导致花中腺苷的含量大幅度增加，而鳞茎、根和茎杆中的腺苷含量则相应不同程度的降低，尤其是茎杆中的含量非常少，到了秋季(10月份)其腺苷的含量则明显增加，这再次说明了中药薤白的采收期应在秋季.
　　d.北京、安国、吉林集安、内蒙古、昆明和四川等不同产地所产的中药薤白其腺苷的含量进行比较，安国的产品含量较低，北京、内蒙古和昆明产品含量较高，而吉林集安的产品腺苷的含量非常高.因此，建议应采用北京、内蒙古、昆明和吉林集安的产品药用.

基金项目：国家中医药管理局重点研究室开放基金项目
作者单位：刘岱琳（沈阳药科大学中药系，沈阳 110015）
刘爱玲（本校1995极学生）

参考文献
1　中国医学科学院药物研究所编.中药志.第二册.北京：人民卫生出版社，1985.564～566
2　彭军鹏.中药薤白化学成分及其抗血小板聚集活性研究:［博士学位论文］.沈阳：沈阳药科大学，1995
3　高庆祥，陈万春.腺苷的临床应用.上海医学，1994，17(1):60～62

收稿日期：1999-10-08

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作者： 2007-5-18