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Serologic testing of hepatitis C virus infection Li Shoubang,Wu Yanping,Hu Guangwei,et al.Jilin Provincial Antiepidemic Station,Changchun 130021
Abstract We tested anti-HCV,anti-HCV IgM and HCV-RNA in serum samples from general adults,blood donors,acute hepatitis patients and liver cirrhosis patients by the methods of ELISA and RT-PCR so as to study the relationship among serum markers.Results showed that the detected positive rates of anti-HCV are 3.57%,8.58%,6.25% and 48.38%in normal adults, blood donors, acute hepatitis patients and liver cirrhosis patients respectively;agreement rates between anti-HCV amd HCV RNA are 11.43%,61.11%,80.0%,and 73.33%in the four groups of people above;agreement rates between anti-HCV IgM and HCV RNA are 75.0%,90.9%81.81% and 100%in the same groups of people.Authors pointed out that anti-HCV IgM is superior to anti-HCV in the aspect of revealing HCV viremea. In comparisou with RT-PCR,testing anti-HCV IgM is easier and does not need special instruments,so it is suitable to develop in the basic hygienic units.Testing anti-HCV IgM instead of anti-HCV,the morbidity of post-transfusion hepatitis C can be decreased further.
Key words: Hepatitis C virus IgM Polymerase chain reaction RNA,viral
HCV RNA 是标本具有传染性的可靠指标,但基层卫生单位很难开展HCV RNA的检测。为寻找适合基层卫生单位开展的观察HCV传染指标的检测方法,我们对不同人群的1381份血清做了抗-HCV的检测,阳性标本再做抗-HCV IgM和HCV RNA检测,并对上述实验结果进行了对比分析。
1 材料和方法
1.1 标本来源 160份急性病毒性肝炎患者血清来自长春市传染病医院门诊;31份肝炎后肝硬化患者血清来自吉林省医院内科住院病人。诊断依据上海1990年全国病毒性肝炎会议规定的标准。210份献血员血清来自各级血站送检标本(未经抗-HCV筛检);980份普通成年人血清来自从业人员体检标本。
1.2 抗-HCV及抗-HCV IgM的检测 用ELISA对全部1381份血清做了抗-HCV检测,对抗-HCV阳性及急肝、肝硬化患者血清再做抗-HCV IgM检测。试剂为上海实业科华生化试剂公司生产。
1.3 HCV RNA 的检测 采用PCR法,检测范围同1.2。试剂由北京天象人生物工程有限责任公司生产。
2 结果
2.1 各组人群抗-HCV的检出情况见表1
表 1 不同人群抗-HCV的检出率
Tab.1 Anti-HCV detection rates in different populations
分组
Group |
检测数
No.detected |
阳性数
Positive No. |
阳性率(%)
Positive rate |
急性肝炎
Acute hepatitis |
160 | 10 | 6.25 |
肝硬化
Liver cirrhosis |
31 | 15 | 48.36 |
献血员
Blood donor |
210 | 18 | 8.58 |
正常人
Normal person |
980 | 35 | 3.57 |
2.2 抗-HCV和抗-HCV IgM的检出关系 抗-HCV和抗-HCV IgM在血清中可以单独被检出,也可同时检出。但不同人群中的检出情况差异非常显著(P<0.01)。见表2。
表 2 抗-HCV和抗-HCV IgM的检出关系
Tab.2 The relationship between anti-HCV and
anti-HCV IgM detection
分组Group | 单独抗-
HCV阳性 Positive for anti-HCV |
单独抗-HCV
IgM阳性 Positive for anti-HCV IgM |
两项同
时阳性 Positive for both anti-HCV and anti-HCV IgM |
急性肝炎
Acute hepatitis |
4 | 5 | 6 |
肝硬化
Liver cirrhosis |
8 | 4 | 7 |
献血员
Blood donor |
11 | - | 7 |
普通成人
Normal person |
32 | - | 3 |
2.3 HCV RNA与抗-HCV及抗-HCV IgM检出率之间的关系 78份抗-HCV阳性标本中HCV RNA阳性34份,两者的阳性符合率为43.58%;32份抗-HCV IgM阳性标本中HCV RNA阳性30份,阳性符合率93.75%。急性肝炎患者中9例HCV RNA阳性,其中8例抗-HCV及抗-HCV IgM皆为阳性,另1例抗-HCV阴性而抗-HCV IgM阳性。献血员和普通成人中分别有4人和1人HCV RNA阳性而抗-HCV IgM阴性。
3 讨论
通过对四组人群的检测,无论是抗-HCV检出率,还是HCV RNA的检出率都以肝硬化为最高,达48.36%;献血员为8.58%,低于文献报道〔2〕,这与该组调查不包括单采血浆者有关。普通成人抗-HCV检出率为3.57%,与文献报道相似〔3〕。
目前检测HCV感染的常用指标是抗-HCV,但其并不能反映HCV的存在和复制,只是HCV感染的间接指标。目前部分实验室开展的HCV RNA检测反映了HCV复制情况,但实验需要一定的设备和条件,不宜在基层卫生单位开展。本文的实验结果抗-HCV和HCV RNA的检出并不一致,总符合率仅为43.58%,尤其是普通人群35例抗-HCV阳性者中仅4例HCV RNA阳性。更有抗-HCV阴性者HCV RNA阳性,说明选择适当方法了解HCV毒血症非常必要。将抗-HCV IgM的检测结果与HCV RNA相比较,两者的阳性符合率达88.57%。抗-HCV IgM比抗-HCV更客观地反映HCV病毒血症情况,适合基层卫生单位开展。文献报道〔4〕人体感染HCV后,在血清抗-HCV阳转前HCV RNA即可检出,被HCV感染的人如伴有HCV RNA存在,即是HCV播散的传染源。因此,检测抗-HCV IgM筛选供血者,可望进一步降低输血后丙型肝炎的发生。
参 考 文 献
1 刘庆芬,张卫成,曹建文,等.献血员抗-HCV检测报告.中华预防医学杂志,1993,27(2):126-127.
2 林万明主编.PCR技术操作和应用指南.北京人民军医出版社,1993,328-330.
3 雷周去,逯好英,韩凤连,等.丙肝患者血清抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体IgM及HCV RNA检测结果的比较.中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,1997,11(2):121-123.