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July 14, 2008 (佛罗里达奥兰多) — 根据发表于美国骨科学会运动医学2008年会的报告指出，女性足球运动员和足球运动员有脑震荡病史者，恢复得比男性和无脑震荡病史的运动员慢。
该研究发现，性别和脑震荡病史在损伤后的检查有显著差异，因为这些差异，研究者力促医师和教练采取个人化的方式治疗脑震荡病患。
共同作者、匹兹堡大学医学中心骨科的运动医学研究员Alexis Chiang Colvin医师在发表时表示，本研究结果认为，医师在治疗脑震荡时不可以只有单一种方式，其研究显示，脑震荡病史的病患在伤后的认知测验结果比没有此病史者差。
此外，研究发现，女性在脑震荡后的检测表现也比男性差。
Colvin医师表示，大部分脑震荡相关的研究聚焦在男性和橄榄球与曲棍球运动员；这项研究的作者选择足球运动员作为研究对象，因为这是一种两性都有参与、不用配戴头盔的运动，同时对于两性的各种参与程度都有明确的规章。
Colvin医师表示，在美国，每年估计有一至四百万人有运动相关的脑震荡，足球运动中最常见之引起脑震荡的原因是，头和头的碰撞、头和身体其他部位的碰撞，以及头部和地面的碰撞。
脑震荡是一种造成脑部暂时性丧失正常脑功能的损伤，通常是头部受到撞击所引起；脑震荡会影响记忆、判断、反应、言语、平衡和协调。
该研究包括了234名足球运动员(61% 女性、39%男性)，年纪在8至24岁，让他们进行脑震荡后的神经生理检测，测量注意力、记忆、处理速度、与反应时间；研究者使用多变项分析检测结果的差异，以确认男性和女性研究对象之间、有无脑震荡病史之间，是否有不同的表现差异。
研究发现，女性在反应时间测验显著比男性差 (P< .004)，女性也显著比男性有症状(P< .0002)；此外，在语言记忆和处理速度上，女性倾向较差但无显著意义。研究发现，有脑震荡病史的足球运动员在另一次脑震荡之后，语言记忆显著更差(P< .007)。
根据文献中的一些理论，男性有比较强壮的颈部和躯干，因此可以使力量消散地更好；Colvin医师表示，但我们实际注意身体质量指数来进行解释，发现男性和女性之间依旧存有差异。
研究者表示，他们无法推测男性和女性之间在恢复上的差异原因。
Colvin医师表示，这个问题价值好几百万美金，需要更多研究来确认这些差异的原因。
纽约大学医学中心骨科副主任Joseph Bosco医师，将研究发现和之前的研究连结，以前有研究认为男性和女性运动员的前十字韧带(ACL)损伤有所不同。
未参与此研究的Bosco医师表示，类似女性之于ACL，花了我们五年来厘清它，现在 ，我们发现女性足球运动员和脑震荡之间的关系，这会花我们四至五年来厘清原因为何。
研究者宣称没有相关资金上的往来。
美国骨科学会运动医学(AOSSM) 2008年会。发表于2008年7月10日。
Men and Women With History of Concussion Mend Differently
By Stephanie Doyle
Medscape Medical News
July 14, 2008 (Orlando, Florida) — Female soccer players and soccer players with a history of concussions recuperate more slowly than males and players without a history of concussion, according to findings presented here at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine 2008 Annual Meeting.
The study found that sex and a history of concussion account for significant differences in test results after injury. Because of these differences, the researchers urge physicians and coaches to take an individualized approach to treating concussion patients.
"The results of this study suggest that physicians should not be taking a 1-size-fits-all approach to treating concussions," coauthor Alexis Chiang Colvin, MD, sports medicine fellow from the department of orthopaedics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, in Pennsylvania, said during her presentation. "Our study shows that patients with a history of concussion perform worse than patients without a history on neurocognitive tests taken after they sustain a concussion."
In addition, females perform worse than males on postconcussion testing, the research found.
Most concussion-related studies have focused on males and on football and hockey players, Colvin said. The study authors chose soccer players as their research subjects because of the popularity of the sport in both sexes, and because it is a nonhelmeted sport with identical rules for all participation levels for both sexes.
In the United States, there are between 1 and 4?million estimated sports-related concussions each year, Colvin said. The most common causes of concussion in soccer are head-to-head contact, head contact with other body parts, and head-to-ground contact.
A concussion is an injury to the brain that results in a temporary loss of normal brain function, usually caused by a blow to the head. Concussions can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance, and coordination.
The study consisted of 234 soccer players (61% female, 39% male), ranging in age from 8 to 24 years, who were given postconcussion neuropsychologic tests that measured attention, memory, processing speed, and reaction time. Researchers used a multivariate analysis of variance to analyze the test results to determine if there were group differences in performance between male and female participants and between those with and without a history of concussion.
The study found that females performed significantly worse than males on reaction-time tests (P?< .004). Females were also significantly more symptomatic than males (P?< .0002). In addition, there was a nonsignificant trend toward females testing worse than males on verbal memory and processing speed. Soccer players with a history of concussion performed significantly worse on verbal memory testing after another concussion, the study found (P?< .007).
According to some theories in the literature, males have stronger necks and torsos and can therefore dissipate forces better. "But we actually looked at body mass index and we accounted for this. There was actually still a difference between males and females," Colvin said.
Researchers said they could not speculate on what the cause of these differences in recovery between males and females might be.
"That's the million-dollar question," Colvin said, adding that more research was needed to determine the reason for the differences.
Joseph Bosco, MD, vice chair of orthopaedics at New York University Medical Center, in New York, likened the findings to previous studies that found differences among male and female athletes with injured anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL).
"It is very analogous to women and ACL,'' said Dr. Bosco, who was not involved in the study. "It took us 5 years to figure that out. And now we just found out about female soccer players and concussions. It will take us 4 to 5 years to figure out why."
The researchers have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) 2008 Annual Meeting. Presented July 10, 2008.