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近日，一篇发表在国际杂志Hepatology上的研究报告中，来自美国国家癌症研究所的研究人员报告说，饮用无咖啡因的咖啡或有益于机体肝脏的健康，研究者表示，不管咖啡因的含量如何，高剂量的咖啡摄入和肝脏异常酶类水平较低直接相关，这就表明咖啡中除非咖啡因的其它化合物或许可以帮助保护机体的肝脏健康。
据2010年美国咖啡协会的数据显示，喝咖啡在超过一半的全美18岁以上人群中高度流行，这些人群每天至少喝三杯咖啡，咖啡的消耗从20世纪80年代以来每年增加1%，在近些年里每年增加2%；此前研究发现，咖啡的摄入可以帮助降低心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等疾病的风险。
研究者Qian Xiao表示，前期研究发现咖啡对于肝脏或许具有一定的保护效应，然而如果这种保护效应不足以延伸至无咖啡因的咖啡，那么证据似乎显得并不充足和明晰；这项研究中研究人员对20岁及以上的27793名个体进行研究，研究者让这些参与者在24小时内饮用咖啡，随后测定这些个体血液中和肝脏功能相关的几种酶的水平，包括谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶及γ谷酰基氨基转移酶，以此来确定个体肝脏的功能。
结果显示，相比每天不饮用咖啡的个体来讲，每天喝3杯甚至更多咖啡的个体机体的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶及γ谷酰基氨基转移酶的水平较低，研究者也发现仅仅喝无咖啡因咖啡的个体这几种酶类的水平也较低。
最后研究者总结道，我们发现总咖啡摄入或无咖啡因咖啡的摄入都会降低肝脏健康酶类的水平，而该研究也揭示，咖啡中除咖啡因外的成分的添加或许有助于促进肝脏的健康；当然后期还需要进行更多的研究来鉴别出保护肝脏健康的成分。
Inverse associations of total and decaffeinated coffee with liver enzyme levels in NHANES 1999-2010
Qian Xiao1,*, Rashmi Sinha1, Barry I. Graubard2 andNeal D. Freedman1
Background Coffee may have hepatoprotective effects and higher coffee consumption has been associated inversely with levels of liver enzymatic markers. However, it is unclear whether decaffeinated coffee is also associated with liver enzymes. Methods The study population included 27,793 participants, age 20 or older, in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2010). Coffee intake was evaluated by 24-hour dietary recall. Serum levels of aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transaminase (GGT) were measured. We examined the relationship between coffee intake and enzymatic levels using weighted multiple variable logistic (abnormally elevated levels of enzymes) and linear regression (continuous enzymatic levels). Results Total coffee consumption was inversely associated with abnormal levels of all four liver enzymes and continuous levels of AST, ALP and GGT. Compared to those reporting no coffee consumption, participants reporting ≥3 cups per day had an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 0.75 (0.63, 0.89)), 0.82 (0.68, 0.98), 0.73 (0.55, 0.95) and 0.69 (0.57, 0.83) for abnormal levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT, respectively. Similar inverse associations were found with decaffeinated coffee intake and abnormal levels of ALT (OR ≥2 vs0 cup/d: 0.62 (0.41, 0.94)), AST (0.74 (0.49, 1.11)), and GGT (0.70, 0.49-1.00). Conclusion Higher intakes of coffee, regardless of its caffeine content, were associated with lower levels of liver enzymes. (Hepatology 2014;)
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